Rolls-Royce completes taxiing of its ‘Spirit of Innovation’ aircraft
Rolls-Royce has completed the taxiing of its ‘Spirit of Innovation’ aircraft, the latest milestone on its journey to becoming the world’s fastest all-electric plane.
Maintenance
in Maintenance / Features Time for Africa to repair its safety standards...
Posted 24 February 2021
Safety issues, many tied to MRO, have long plagued African aviation. Could this now be changing across the continent?
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce conducts first tests of 100% SAF for business jets
Posted 10 February 2021
Rolls-Royce has conducted the first tests of 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) in a business jet engine, as part of its ambition to play a leading role in enabling the sectors in which it operates reach net zero carbon by
in Maintenance Satair and Honeywell sign global distribution agreement
Posted 28 January 2021
Satair and Honeywell Aerospace have signed a multi-year commercial agreement covering the exclusive worldwide distribution for mechanical and air thermal components for use on Airbus A320, A330, A340, and A380 aircraft.
in Maintenance / Features MROs winging it in hunt for winning formula
Posted 22 December 2020
Covid-19 has shone a light – as if it were needed – on problems in Africa’s MRO sector. There are many strategies but no easy answers.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce to use 100% sustainable aviation fuel
Posted 16 November 2020
Rolls-Royce is to use 100% sustainable aviation fuel for the first time in engine ground tests on next-generation engine technology, as part of its ongoing decarbonization strategy.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce introduces a new SelectCare service option
Posted 8 October 2020
Rolls-Royce is introducing a new SelectCare option, SelectCare Repair, to complement its existing range of Care services for airlines that operate Trent 700 powered Airbus A330 aircraft.
in Maintenance SAA Technical reinstates its services
Posted 5 October 2020
South African Airways’ maintenance arm, SAA Technical, has started reinstating its services after it had suspended them to four customers due to outstanding payments. However, the airline has said it has now reached an agreement with South African
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce breakthrough with AI ethics and trustworthiness
Posted 2 September 2020
Rolls-Royce has announced two breakthroughs in artificial intelligence ethics, which it said could help gain society's trust of the technology and accelerate the next generation of industrialisation, known as industry
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce takes next step in sustainability drive
Posted 13 August 2020
Rolls-Royce has started its latest phase of testing on its low-emissions technology for its next generation of engines.
in Maintenance GECAS Cargo adds more 737-800BCF Narrowbody freighters
Posted 13 August 2020
GECAS has signed an agreement with Boeing converting 11 737-800 Boeing Converted Freighter options to firm orders and adding nine additional options to the GECAS Cargo order book.
in Maintenance / Features Africa’s fight is on to maintain operations
Posted 12 August 2020
The impact of Covid-19 on African civil aviation has laid bare the weakness of regional maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) capabilities, where encouraging signs in one arena are counterbalanced by stumbling performance elsewhere.
in Maintenance Trent XWB-84 successfully reach planned time on wing
Posted 11 August 2020
A batch of Rolls-Royce Trent XWB-84 engines has successfully reached their planned time on wing.
in Maintenance 2020 MRO spend expected to drop by more than 50%
Posted 4 August 2020
With MRO industry revenues directly related to aircraft utilisation, 2020’s total MRO spend will be less than half of the approximately $90bn forecasted, according to the leading aviation data and advisory company IBA.
in Maintenance Boom and Rolls-Royce collaborate on Overture
Posted 31 July 2020
Boom Supersonic, an aerospace company building the world's fastest civil aircraft, and Rolls-Royce, has announced an engagement agreement to explore the pairing of a Rolls-Royce propulsion system with Boom's flagship supersonic
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce: Zero AOG milestone is reached
Posted 27 July 2020
Rolls-Royce has said there are zero Boeing 787 aircraft on the ground (AOG) due to Trent 1000 durability-related issues.
in Maintenance Propelling aircraft into the green age
Posted 24 July 2020
Rolls-Royce is developing amazing new engine technology to help make aviation greener and more efficient for the future.
in Maintenance Nigeria needs more aircraft maintenance facilities
Posted 13 July 2020
The Rector of the Nigeria College of Aviation Technology (NCAT), Captain Mohammed Abdulsalami, has said more aircraft maintenance facilities need to be established in Nigeria.
in Maintenance Strata delivers shipsets of A350-900 inboard flaps for Airbus
Posted 6 July 2020
Al Ain based company Strata Manufacturing (Strata) has successfully delivered 100 shipsets of the assembled A350-900 Inboard Flaps (IBF).
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce focuses on reaching net zero carbon by 2050
Posted 5 June 2020
Rolls-Royce has joined the UN Race to Zero campaign in the run up to COP26 to pioneer a resilient, inclusive, net zero carbon future.
in Maintenance / Features Building a continent’s competence
Posted 4 June 2020
The African Federation of Non-Destructive Testing (AFNDT) takes a leading role in the expansion of NDT competence on the continent, mainly through training and certification.
in Maintenance / Features Can African MROs pass this big test?
Posted 14 May 2020
A big challenge of non-destructive testing (NDT), long a staple in aircraft line and base maintenance programmes, is to find the right experts and tools when they’re needed. Innovations in tools and training could help put African MROs on a winning path.
in Maintenance Rolls Royce: Engine preservation plan provides runway for smooth take-off
Posted 12 May 2020
Teams across the world are providing Rolls-Royce customers with the individual support they need to protect their aircraft engines in readiness for a return to the skies.
in Maintenance / Features Funding is key in plotting a route to quality training
Posted 7 May 2020
Africa needs a continent-wide response to the growing demand for qualified MRO technicians. The challenge, as Chuck Grieve reports, is navigating a route to harmonisation and standardisation of training.
in Maintenance Paramount Group produce medical devices for protection of frontline healthcare workers
Posted 13 April 2020
Aeronautical engineers from Paramount Group, the African-based aerospace and technology company, have teamed up with emergency doctors at the Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital in
in Maintenance Boeing to temporarily suspend 787 operations at its Boeing South Carolina plant
Posted 8 April 2020
Boeing will temporarily suspend all 787 operations at its Boeing South Carolina (BSC) until further notice, starting at the end of Wednesday, April 8.
in Maintenance / Features How to improve profitability on a data-day basis
Posted 19 March 2020
Strong supply chain management is essential if MROs are to control costs in a competitive environment. Chuck Grieve looks at some of the challenges and solutions.
in Maintenance / Features Blade runners
Posted 27 February 2020
Maintenance makes helicopters more expensive to fly than to buy, but they are indispensable in numerous civil roles. Chuck Grieve reviews some of the main players in the African rotary wing MRO business.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce BR725 engine tops one million flying hours
Posted 27 February 2020
The Rolls-Royce BR725 engine recently achieved another impressive milestone by reaching one million flying hours.
in Maintenance Two Rolls-Royce Pearl 700 engines take to the skies for the first time
Posted 17 February 2020
Two Rolls-Royce Pearl 700 engines have successfully powered the brand new Gulfstream G700 to the skies for the first time.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce launches new digital platform Yocova
Posted 13 February 2020
Rolls-Royce data innovation catalyst R2 Data Labs has launched Yocova – a new data exchange and collaboration platform for the aviation sector.
in Maintenance Sanad and Ethiopian Airlines to join forces to create MRO centre of excellence in Africa
Posted 5 February 2020
Sanad Aerotech (Sanad), a provider of aircraft engine maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) solutions and part of Sanad – a wholly owned subsidiary of Mubadala Investment Company
in Maintenance SITA and key industry partners launch MRO blockchain alliance
Posted 4 February 2020
Key industry partners have launched the MRO Blockchain Alliance, the air transport’s first industry-wide investigation into the use of blockchain to track, trace and record aircraft parts.
in Maintenance / Features The search is on to plug the MRO gap
Posted 27 January 2020
With pressure mounting for more maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facilities throughout the continent, Chukwu Emeke looks at the situation in west Africa.
in Maintenance / Features Dakar at the double for 2AS
Posted 24 January 2020
Senegal’s Blaise Diagne International Airport (BDIA) in Dakar has joined forces with global MRO player, Air France International/KLM Engineering & Maintenance (AFIKLME&M), to provide support for both Air Senegal and airlines using the airport that
in Maintenance / Features AJW's star part in Africa
Posted 15 January 2020
AJW Group chief executive, Christopher Whiteside, talks to Chuck Grieve about adding value to the business of supplying parts and spares through relationships, efficiencies and planning.
in Maintenance AMAC Aerospace wins new projects for 2020
Posted 10 January 2020
AMAC Aerospace has announced a successful re-delivery of a Boeing B737 on time. In addition, the headquarters of AMAC Aerospace in Basel has also been awarded with several new maintenance projects.
in Maintenance / Features Membership on the up in east Africa’s rotary club
Posted 8 January 2020
East Africa has been witnessing significant growth in its helicopter industry. Githae Mwaniki takes a look at the sector.
in Maintenance / Features It's good to talk in Portuguese
Posted 20 December 2019
In just 10 years, Davenport Aviation has developed into a global supplier of aircraft parts, supplies, and equipment. It has a special interest in Africa because, as Chuck Grieve finds out, that’s where it all started.
in Maintenance / Features Home run for MRO deals
Posted 26 November 2019
Recent contracts signed between African airlines and international maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) providers confirm there is movement toward keeping more of Africa’s maintenance spend at home. Chuck Grieve reports.
in Maintenance Air BP signs technical services agreement with Sonangol of Angola
Posted 25 November 2019
Air BP has signed a technical services agreement with Sonangol, the state-owned oil company in Angola.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce engine for Kenya's ALS
Posted 19 November 2019
Rolls-Royce and ALS have signed an agreement for engine maintenance, repair and overhaul services for the Kenyan airline’s fleet of ten AE3007-powered Embraer ERJ135 and ERJ145 aircraft.
in Maintenance Republic of Ghana intends to order GEnx engines for Boeing 787-9 aircraft
Posted 19 November 2019
The Republic of Ghana announced its intent to purchase GEnx-1B engines for its three Boeing 787 Dreamliners that will be used to re-launch an airline in the African nation. The engine order is svalued at more
in Maintenance Boeing and EgyptAir Maintenance and Engineering sign MRO service agreement
Posted 17 November 2019
Boeing and EgyptAir Maintenance and Engineering (EGME) announced agreements at the Dubai Air Show that will approve the Cairo-based MRO as Boeing's first maintenance supplier in Africa and the Middle East
in Maintenance VIPAero Angola opens executive handling station in Luanda
Posted 7 November 2019
VIPAero Angola has officially opened its executive handling station in Luanda.
in Maintenance Safran to provide complete nacelle for Gulfstream’s G700 business jet
Posted 23 October 2019
Safran Nacelles has confirmed its Tier 1 supplier role for the complete nacelle on Rolls-Royce Pearl 700 turbofan engines that power Gulfstream Aviation’s G700 business jet, which was unveiled at this week’s 2019
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce enhances technical publications for business aviation customers
Posted 22 October 2019
Rolls-Royce is introducing an enhanced version of its technical publications, a digitally optimised version of the technical documents and maintenance manuals for business aviation customers.
in Maintenance GKN Aerospace breaks new ground in large composite wing structure technology
Posted 21 October 2019
GKN Aerospace has reached a major milestone in the ‘Wing of Tomorrow’ programme after designing, manufacturing, and delivering a mid-scale demonstrator tool to the GKN Aerospace Filton facility.
in Maintenance Joramco and Kenya Airways sign maintenance agreement
Posted 14 October 2019
Joramco and Kenya Airways, the flag carrier airline of Kenya, have signed a heavy maintenance agreement for the first time to perform OOP check for six B787 from the carrier’s fleet in addition to major modification tasks related to
in Maintenance Ethiopian Airlines signs repair management contract with AJW Group
Posted 10 October 2019
AJW Group has extended its long-term relationship with Ethiopian Airlines with a contract for the maintenance and repair of parts.
in Maintenance / Features Desert dust’s open season on engines
Posted 16 September 2019
Maintenance trends in Africa map the prevailing weather conditions. During the Harmattan season, for example, MROs usually notice a spike in engine-related events.
in Maintenance / Features Benefits from pan-African outlook
Posted 12 September 2019
African aviation is prone to frequent change, according to AJW group sales director, Hafsah Abdulsalam.
in Maintenance / Features Can Africa keep the wheels turning on its MRO potential?
Posted 10 September 2019
African aviation has a quandary: operators can’t afford to keep spending their maintenance budgets abroad, while establishing their own maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facilities is prohibitively expensive. But
in Maintenance Universal Weather and Aviation agree to sell UVair Fueling Division to World Fuel Services
Posted 22 August 2019
Global mission management provider, Universal Weather and Aviation, has signed a definitive agreement to sell its UVair Fueling Division to World Fuel Services.
in Maintenance Ground handling industry failing to take the right action to solve talent and profit challenges
Posted 20 August 2019
Recent research by RTITB Airside has found that airlines, airports and ground handlers are failing to take the right action when it comes to solving profitability and talent
in Maintenance / Features Lufthansa Technik sets up shop in South Africa
Posted 14 August 2019
Lufthansa Technik has become the first foreign MRO provider to establish line maintenance operations in South Africa through a new contract with Comair – and it bodes well for the region. Chuck Grieve reports.
in Maintenance EgyptAir maintenance and engineering establishes LM Station in Dubai
Posted 5 August 2019
EgyptAir maintenance and engineering has signed a partnership agreement with SKAN Aviation to establish a line maintenance station in Dubai International Airport.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 Ten powers EgyptAir’s first flight with sustainable fuel
Posted 24 July 2019
EgyptAir has completed its first flight with Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), undertaken for the entry into service of the fifth, in a series of six, Rolls-Royce powered Boeing 787-9 Dreamliners.
in Maintenance Ethiopian signs $500m partnership agreement with Collins Aerospace
Posted 27 June 2019
Ethiopian Airlines Group has signed a partnership agreement valued at $500 million with Collins Aerospace.
in Maintenance Paris Airshow: AFI KLM E&M teams up with 2AS in Dakar line maintenance structure
Posted 20 June 2019
AFI KLM E&M has signed a partnership agreement with 2AS to set up a line maintenance joint venture at Dakar's Blaise Diagne International Airport.
in Maintenance Paris Airshow: GKN Aerospace expands RRSP contract with Pratt & Whitney
Posted 18 June 2019
GKN Aerospace is expanding its Risk and Revenue Sharing Partnership (RRSP) with Pratt & Whitney for the PW1500G and PW1900G engines, adding the Fabricated Fan Case Mount Ring and the Fan Spacer to its
in Maintenance Paris Airshow: GKN Aerospace extends its business with Pratt & Whitney
Posted 17 June 2019
GKN Aerospace has signed an agreement between its subsidiary GKN Fokker Elmo and Pratt & Whitney to continue the design, supply, and support of Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems for more than 30
in Maintenance Air Senegal hands A330neo component support to AFI KLM E&M
Posted 13 June 2019
AFI KLM E&M and Air Senegal recently signed an agreement covering component support for the Senegalese carrier's fleet of two A330neo aircraft.
in Maintenance / Features Connected world keeps repair times in check
Posted 7 June 2019
Airbus has a vested interest in helping maintenance and repair organisations (MROs) and airlines manage their aircraft. Guillaume Mille explained the European airframer’s approach and goals to Chuck Grieve.
in Maintenance / Features Russian MRO boost for Egyptian Air Force
Posted 31 May 2019
The Rostec State Corporation company, Russian Helicopters, is to open a maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) centre for the Egyptian Air Force’s Mi-8T and Mi-17-1V helicopters.
in Maintenance / Features Additive manufacturing coul be addictive
Posted 23 May 2019
The potential applications in MRO are among the many attractive features of additive manufacturing (AM).
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce delivers first Pearl 15 production engines
Posted 20 May 2019
Rolls-Royce announced that the first sets of Pearl 15 production standard engines were delivered to Bombardier and have been fitted to the first Global 6500 aircraft that is now in completions in readiness to power its latest
in Maintenance / Features It's time for spare parts to play more of a leading role
Posted 15 May 2019
The aircraft parts market is at a crossroads as demand challenges suppliers to come up with solutions that satisfy the requirements of both airworthiness and economics. Chuck Grieve reports.
in Maintenance Valcora opens office in Johannesburg
Posted 2 May 2019
Valcora, the Swiss based fuel purchasing service, opened a new office this week in Johannesburg, South Africa.
in Maintenance Pratt & Whitney engine-powered A319neo makes maiden flight
Posted 29 April 2019
The last of the A320neo variants, an Airbus A319neo test aircraft has completed its maiden flight powered by Pratt & Whitney GTF engines for the first time.
in Maintenance FAI Technik receives FAA approval for EASA MRO licence
Posted 23 April 2019
FAI Technik, the maintenance division of Germany’s FAI Aviation Group, has now received FAA approval for its EASA Part 145 licence. This follows similar approvals from the Nigerian authorities in October 2018.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce Tay 611-8 engine achieves 10 million flying hours
Posted 18 April 2019
The Rolls-Royce Tay 611-8 engine, which entered service in 1987, recently reached 10 million flying hours in nearly five million flights.
in Maintenance Embraer and Air Botswana sign pool programme agreement for its E170 aircraft
Posted 11 April 2019
Embraer announces at MRO Americas that the Company signed a Pool Programme Agreement with Air Botswana to support a wide range of repairable components for its E170 aircraft.
in Maintenance GAL Aerospace to become a supplier for aftermarket Bombardier CRJ series cabin retrofits
Posted 1 April 2019
GAL Aerospace has entered into a collaborative relationship with Bombardier for the development and aftermarket retrofit of interiors for the existing CRJ Series fleet.
in Maintenance Jet MS provides 7800 landings inspection for Bombardier CL604
Posted 27 March 2019
Jet Maintenance Solutions (Jet MS), a provider of integrated aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) solutions for business and regional aviation, a part of Avia Solutions Group, became one of the first MRO
in Maintenance Air Côte d'Ivoire to rely on AFI KLM E&M component maintenance expertise for its A319/320ceo/neo
Posted 19 March 2019
AFI KLM E& and Air Côte d'Ivoire recently signed an agreement covering component support for the Ivoirian carrier's four A319-100s and two A320-200s. The contract
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce withdraws from engine competition for new midsize aircraft platform
Posted 4 March 2019
Rolls-Royce has decided to withdraw from the current competition to power Boeing’s proposed middle of the market – or New Midsize Airplane (NMA) – platform.
in Maintenance ATR extends Type ‘A’ Maintenance Visit Intervals
Posted 25 February 2019
ATR has received certification from EASA to extend the intervals between the Type A maintenance checks from 500 to 750 hours, for all of its aircraft series.
in Maintenance / Features Will CFM's policy unlock Africa's potential?
Posted 19 February 2019
The landmark agreement by CFM International to open up the aftermarket for its best-selling CFM56 engines should be good news for African airlines. Chuck Grieve reports.
in Maintenance OEMServices becomes exclusive repair distributor of Triumph Actuation in the Middle East and Africa
Posted 12 February 2019
OEMServices has signed an exclusive repair distributor agreement with Triumph Integrated Systems Actuation & Control, a global leader in manufacturing and overhauling
in Maintenance / Features MRO looks set to break through in west Africa
Posted 8 February 2019
Chukwu Emeke highlights one of the major challenges facing west African airlines.
in Maintenance Liebherr-Aerospace starts serial production of 3D printed Airbus components
Posted 16 January 2019
Liebherr-Aerospace has begun printing 3D components for Airbus.
in Maintenance Boeing B747 has entered AMAC’s facility in Basel
Posted 11 January 2019
AMAC Aerospace has announced that a Boeing B747 entered AMAC’s facility at the end of December.
in Maintenance Honeywell's new trading business to modernise buying and selling aviation parts
Posted 8 January 2019
Honeywell is bringing the ease of everyday online buying and selling to the aviation parts industry with GoDirect Trade.
in Maintenance AES Global gains Egyptian Part 21 Design Approval
Posted 3 January 2019
Aerospace Engineering Solutions (AES Global), a UK based aerospace design and certification organisation, has obtained Egyptian Civil Aviation Regulations (ECAR) Part 21 approval from the Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority (ECAA)
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce celebrates 2000th Trent 700 delivery milestone
Posted 20 December 2018
Rolls-Royce is celebrating another milestone in the Trent family success story with the delivery of the 2,000th Trent 700.
in Maintenance Royal Air Maroc welcomes first GEnx-powered Boeing 787-9 Aircraft
Posted 13 December 2018
Royal Air Maroc (RAM) has received its first GEnx-1B-powered Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner aircraft. RAM will eventually operate a fleet of nine GEnx-powered B787 Dreamliners.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 powers Airbus A3330-800 first flight
Posted 7 November 2018
The Rolls-Royce Trent 7000, the latest member of the Trent family of engines, has successfully powered the Airbus A330-800neo into the skies for its first test flight today.
in Maintenance Meggitt signs MoU with OEMServices to serve operators in Africa
Posted 17 October 2018
Meggitt, a company specialising in high performance components for the aerospace market, and OEMServices, dealing in component, logistic and trading services for airlines and Original Equipment Manufacturers
in Maintenance 3-D printed parts and new materials help Rolls-Royce to engine test success
Posted 15 October 2018
Rolls-Royce’s Advance3 engine is helping pioneer the future of civil aerospace – with 3D printed parts and the introduction of new materials helping to lead the way.
in Maintenance Rostec to prolong life of engine components for MS-21 six-fold
Posted 10 October 2018
United Engine Corporation (UEC) and the All-Russian Institute of Light Alloys (VILS), both forming part of Rostec, will prolong the life of the PD-14 engine by using a new heat-resistant granulated alloy.
in Maintenance Rolls-Royce and South African Airways Technical open first lease engine storage facility in Africa
Posted 3 October 2018
Rolls-Royce and South African Airways Technical today celebrated the opening of Rolls-Royce’s first lease engine storage facility in Africa, further developing its global
in Maintenance AAD: Aurecon bringing its African ideas to life
Posted 21 September 2018
Aurecon was at AAD for the first time to highlight its engineering capabilities and products. “We want to become a true African business,” explained managing director, Africa, Ferdi Nell.
in Maintenance / Features ExecuJet set-up positioned to capitalise on European market
Posted 20 September 2018
Africa’s fleet of business aircraft benefits from fully accredited MRO capabilities right on its doorstep, thanks to ExecuJet. Chuck Grieve reports.
in Maintenance / Features Ethiopian maps the route to 2025
Posted 18 September 2018
Ethiopian MRO Services is building its capabilities to meet growing demand for MRO services and to expand its third-party business operations in Africa. Kaleyesus Bekele reports from Addis Ababa.
in Maintenance First A380 dismantled and will be sold as spare parts
Posted 21 August 2018
The first Airbus A380 has been dismantled and will be sold as spare parts as a new lessee or buyer could not be found following expiry of the 10-year lease in October 2017. For investors, this is likely to mean a modest end to their
in Maintenance IATA and CFM International sign pro-competitive agreement on engine maintenance
Posted 2 August 2018
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has entered into an agreement with CFM International (CFM) that will lead to increased competition in the market for maintenance, repair and
in Maintenance Ethiopian Airlines selected as Dowty Propellers’ authorised repair facility for Bombardier Q400s
Posted 19 July 2018
Dowty Propellers has announced an agreement establishing Ethiopian Airlines as an authorised repair and overhaul facility in Africa for propellers on Bombardier Q400 regional
in Maintenance Ethiopian Airlines selects GEnx engines to power its additional 787 Dreamliners
Posted 17 July 2018
Ethiopian Airlines selected the GEnx engine to power its six additional 787-9 Dreamliner aircraft. This selection increases Ethiopian Airlines' GEnx-powered B787 aircraft to 19 total.
in Maintenance First Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 production engine despatched
Posted 17 July 2018
The first Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 production engine was despatched yesterday to the Airbus facility in Toulouse, in readiness to power Airbus’s latest aircraft, the A330neo, into service.
